There is Level I evidence supporting the efficacy of PNS for treatment of chronic migraine headaches via occipital nerve stimulation chronic hemiplegic shoulder pain via stimulation of nerves innervating the trapezius, supraspinatus, and deltoid muscles failed back surgery syndrome via subcutaneous peripheral field stimulation and lower extremity neuropathic and lower extremity post-amputation pain. Twenty randomized controlled trials and 33 prospective observational studies were included in the systematic review process.
Inclusion criteria encompassed studies that described peripheral nerve stimulation in patients in terms of clinical outcomes for various pain conditions, physiological mechanism of action, surgical technique, technique of placement, and adverse events. The published literature was searched from relevant electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science from database inception to March 29, 2021. Natalie Strand, 1 Ryan S D’Souza, 2 Jonathan M Hagedorn, 3 Scott Pritzlaff, 4 Dawood Sayed, 5 Nomen Azeem, 6 Alaa Abd-Elsayed, 7 Alexander Escobar, 8 Mark A Huntoon, 9 Christopher M Lam, 5 Timothy R Deer 10ġDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 2Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 3iSpine Pain Physicians, Burnsville, MN, USA 4Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA 5The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA 6Florida Spine & Pain Specialists, Bradenton, FL, USA 7Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA 8Comprehensive Centers for Pain Management, Toledo, OH, USA 9Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Henrico, VA, USA 10The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USAĬorrespondence: Natalie Strand, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, Tel +1 48, Fax +1 48, Email Ībstract: The objective of this peripheral nerve stimulation consensus guideline is to add to the current family of consensus practice guidelines and incorporate a systematic review process.
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